Mineral Identification

Mineral Properties

Mineral properties are basically its luster, color, cleavage, and hardness. Luster tells us if whether the mineral is metallic or non-metallic. If the mineral breaks unevenly it has fracture or if the mineral breaks evenly then it has cleavage. Color of the mineral tells what color it has, but sometime its color is different than its streak. Cleavage tells us the shape of the mineral. Hardness of the mineral tells us how hard the mineral is which usually being measured by Moh Scale.

Reflection 

1. What did you enjoy most about this project and why?

Probably I enjoyed every thing in this project especially finding out whether our hypothesis was right or not it was kind of fun and enjoyable.

2. What was the most challenging for you during this project and why?

Making the video was most challenging because there were many steps to fellow. It really was lot of work there was 5 minerals and each has at least three steps and it also was hard to give each of them subtitle.

3. What new skills did you learn from doing this project?

I learned how to use iMovie at professional level also get to know how minerals are formed and their properties.

4.  Is there anything that you could have done to improve any of your work? Explain.

I think I could hookup my video by adding music in it if have chance to and I also can be more specific describing minerals, more details because during project we had less time to work on video.

Shaking Our World

Plate Tectonic

                                        

Summary

The theory of plate tectonic is when the earth’s crust is broken into plates sections that pieces moves on top of the liquid mantle asthenosphere.This is also known as Theory of plate Tectonic. The Tectonic plates moves because of the rising and falling Convection Currents. Convection Current of hot and cold fluid going in a circular motion (the movement of the heat under crust as the heat move under crust it force plates to move away from other plates or to come toward it). The causes of the Tectonic plate as the plates move away the new Rift valley and Ridges formed  and when the plates move toward each other it create Volcanoes, Mountains. Plates in our planet moves because of the intense in the earth’s core that causes molten  rock in the mantle layer to move. This is called the convection currents.

Earth’s Interior

•            Lithosphere: Solid part of the Earth
•          Hydrosphere: liquid part of the Earth
•          Atmosphere:  Gases – Air 
•          Crust:  Solid thin outer layer of the Earth (There are two type of crust)
•          Oceanic Crust: Crust below the ocean
•          Continental Crust: The thick part of the earth’s crust that forms the large land masses
•          Mantle: Thick layer of the  earth below the cust (Made up of Molten Rock)
•          Asthenosphere: The lower layer of the crust
•          Density: The amount per unit size
•          Inner Core: Solid layer made up of Iron and Nickel (Hottest spot of the Earth)
•          Outer Core: Out part of the earth which contain liquid

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  

Summary 

Earth has six core from inside to outside it is surrounded by Thick rocky Mantle and top with the thin Crust. The liquid Ocean make up the Hydrosphere. The rocky upper layer of the earth that makes up the plates is Lithosphere. Above the earth surface is Atmosphere. Earth center is extremely hot its temperature is same as sun surface it called Inner core. The liquid part of earth is Outer core. The Asthenosphere is the upper layer of the earth’s mantle with convection currents (which the plates slide). 

Faults

The fractures (a break) in the earth’s crust.

Summary

Faults form when rock is put under so much stress that it can no longer bend but break. Plates slide past one another moving in opposite direction. There are three types of Faults.

Normal:

          Rock move down

Reverse/Thrust:

          Rock move down

Strike slip:

          Rock slide past one another in opposite direction

Plate Tectonic

Summary 

The earth’s crust is broken into plates that float on the part of the Mantle this is also known as Theory of Plate Tectonic. The Tectonic Plates move because of raising and falling Convection Currents in the mantle it cause the slow movements in the plates. The plates move away from each other or toward each other.

Critical Thinking Question:

                                                 I agree with the theory of plate’s tectonics that the plates are divided into section (Broken into pieces).  Many evidence proved this theory such as Earthquake, Volcano’s & Mountain’s formation. The movement of these plate’s cause earthquake and the volcanoes also form when plates move on top of mantle and it allow magma to come out & and when these broken plate section move toward each other more dense plate go under and one toward sky creating mountains.

Reflection

1. What did you enjoy most about this project and why?

One thing that I enjoyed was organizing all work for presentation and editing video (Narrative Video)

2. What was most challenging for you during this project and why?

The most challenging during this project probably time management, because since we began our internship, we had less time to work on our project at school, and we was required to finish many thing at home.

3. What new skills did you learn from doing this project?                                                                                                                                       I learn time management and it helped me to finish my work on time.

4. Is there anything that you could have done to improve any of your work? Explain.                                                     Yes there are plenty of things I can improve such as Presentation and making my project more interesting. I had less time to finish this project I tried to finish soon as I can so I didn’t want how I did it because I was running out of time.

Rotation & Revolution

words	Native Language	Definition	Picture
Earth Axis	محور	An imaginary straight line passing through the center of the earth (also known as South pole & North pole).
Polaris	ستارہ	A bright star located in North it also known as Northern star, Earth axis always point at it.
Earth Tilt	جھکنا	Earth axis doesn’t go straight its tilted 23.5 Degrees.
Earth Equator/ Hemisphere	خط استوا	The line divides Earth into 2 Sphere. Earth has Two Hemisphere The Northern and The Southern.
Earth Rotation	گردش	The earth spin on it axis toward to the east and it takes 24 hours or 1 day to the single completion.
Time Zone	ٹائم زون	Any of the 24 regions of the globe. Time Zones are divided by the lines of longitude.
Orbit/Ellipse	مدار	To travel in a curved path around a larger object such as Earth, sun, etc. The path earth takes to revolve around sun is shape of Ellipse.
Earth Revolution	گھومنے	The movement of earth around the sun. Earth takes 356 days or 1 year to the single completion of an Orbit/Ellipse.

Summary:

                Earth Rotate on it Axis towards to the east once in 24 Hours. Earth axis is Tilted 23.5 degrees Earth axis always point to the Northern Star Polaris. The Equator is a line that divides the earth into two Hemispheres the Northern & the Southern. The earth Revolves around the sun in an Elliptical Orbit. Earth takes approximately 365 days or 1 year to the single completion of an Orbit/Ellipse.

                                     

                                     Video

Critical Thinking Question:
                                        The earth is affected by its movement. Earth has two types of motion Rotation & Revolution. Earth Rotates on its Axis as it Revolve around the sun the rotation takes 24 hours & 365 days to the single completion of an Orbit/Ellipse.The distance between sun and earth changes because the earth Revolves in an Elliptical shape as the earth revolves its get closer and further away from the sun it causes the Seasons & Tide & as earth rotate it causes Day & Night. When earth axis point to sun and get Direct sunlight its summer and when earth axis point away from the sun and get indirect sunlight its winter but when the sun light hit the Equator its Spring/Autumn. When Earth, Sun & Moon are at the Right angle it causes Neap Tide and when they are at straight line it causes Spring Tide.

Reflection

1.  What did you enjoy most about this project and why?

      I most enjoyed recording video one of the best thing in this project was editing video & that we was allow to put Instrumental of any music in the video.
2.  What was most challenging for you during this project and why?
      I think most challenging part was to organizing the video and time we had lot of work to do in less time time and also filming the video was another challenge because that time there was only two people me and Ibrahim and I was hard to speak and moving picture at the same time.
3.  What new skills did you learn from doing this project?
      I got to know how to use imovie, I learned lot of new things such as how this universe goes and I improved collaboration & speaking skills.
4.  Is there anything that you could have done to improve any of your work? Explain.
      If I were have any extra time I would Hook Up my video with many more funny & important Details.
  

Geologic Time

Summary:
              The Triassic period was named in 1834. The orignal name was trias. This period started 248 million years ago and finished 213 million years. This period was the beginning of the Mesozoic Era and it was in Phanerozoic Eon. This period was ages of reptile. This is the largest period of extinction. The most of the species and genera died during this period. The Triassic's climate was generally hot and dry with strong changing. During this period all the lands was located together (Pangaea). The Pangaea start began to move apart in the mid-Triassic.

Reflection  

1.  What did you enjoy most about this project?
     This project was great as miss Kara give us chance to work independently and give us enough time to finish it with Extra Credit and I also enjoy making Glog and researching the picture of the organism livings during Triassic period. It was incredible to think about those ancient organism which were once alive in this world.
2.  What was most challenging about this project? Why?
     The most challenging part of this project was that we had to make Reference and it was hard to write information about every single web were we find our Data of the project. And I also feel little hard about finding information since there was different information on different websites. So it was hard to decide about which one to choose. because we always try to gave specific information and we have no idea about which information could be correct about our period but by Ms. Kara's help I got perfect information.
3.  What would you change about this project and Why?
     Some thing I would like to change about this project is to let every body choose which period they want to (Interesting period for them) work on and I would gave more time to work on this project that the students can learn more about their period (about this project).
4.  What are 3 things that you learned from this project?
    I learn lot of things about Earth history especially about earliest life on Earth.

• How mountains formed.
•  How animals moved from water to land.
• Which generation exist during what time and which species and genera was died during that period.
• When was dinosaurs existed. 
• We determine lot of vocabulary and most interesting facts about earth history.  

The Stars

1.. What is a star?
    Stars are big balls of hot gases. Stars are made of dust and gas in a giant cloud called Stellar nebula. Some of the Stars are bigger and some of them are smaller. The bigger are more bigger then and also more brighter then our sun but Stars look smaller to us just because they are to far away from us. Stars are found in different color and size. The Stars can be in blue,white orang,red and yellow color and Stars also have different temperature and luminosity brighter are hot and dims are cold. The spectral class is bassed on Stars temperature and color. The blue Stars are hot and the red Stars are cold.

2.. Type of stars
     There are four (4) type of Star.

• Super giants are huge, hot and bright Stars.
• Giants are kind of bright and cold Stars.
• White dwarfs are old and smalls Stars these Stars are also kind of hot and dim.
•  Main sequence Stars can have different color, temperature, size, and different luminosity. Because their spectral class changes. Main sequence stars are middle ages star so they medium 

    Stars are also classified by their color temperature, luminosity, size, and their ages.

3.. H-R Diagram

     H-R Diagram basically stand for Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Astronomer used H-R Diagram to classified Stars according to their characteristic (color, size, temperature, luminosity).

  

4.. Nuclear Fusion

     The Stars can get smaller because of gravity (cloud shrink) as they shrink the Stars become hotter much as possible then the nuclear reaction start in the middle of it then a star born. Nuclear Fusion change Hydrogen (H) in to Helium (He) inside of the star. That's how star make energy.

5.. The life cycle of a Star

     All Stars has their own different life but all cycle Star were created in huge cloud called Stellar nebula.

There are like three (3) types of stars.

• Sun like stars it Start in Stellar Nebula after this it become Red Giants. Then it explode in huge cloud called Planetary Nebula. Then it become White Dwarf after star turn dim and begin cold it become Black Dwarf.
• Huge Stars and Giant Stars are also created in Stellar nebula. Then it become Super Giants after that both of these explode into a big cloud Supernova.
• The Huge Stars become Neutron Stars.
• Giants Stars become Black Hole. 

  

Planet Profile: Uranus

Planet order: 7 from the sun
Distance from the sun: 2.869 millon km
Mass: 14.537 kg
Diameter: 51,800 km
Rotation: 14hr 14 min
Revolution: 84.o year
# of moons: 27
Jovian
Planet description:
                   Uranus is the seventh(7) planet from the sun and was discovered in 1781. It is a large gaseous planet with 27 moon and a system of thin, dark ring. most os the rings of uranus are less than 10 km across.
Interesting facts:
                   Uranus is the most coolest planet.
                   The axes of rotation of the other planet.
                   Uranus is the first discovered in the modren time.
                   Large gaseous planet with rings that vary in thickness.

Hurricane Irene

                                          

1. What time of the year do hurricanes occur? Why do they only happen during that time?

• Hurricane mostly occur/happen in summer because in that time water level/temperature would be high in the ocean. 

2. How can the timing of the tides (high or low) effect the devastation of a hurricane?

• The tides effect the devastation of a hurricane more and more because on that time the river, lake, ocean overflows faster.

3. If an area is fully saturated, will a hurricane have more or less impact on an area?

• The saturated have more impact on area because the ground will be already wet so water will start taking trees down. (If ground were already wet the water can easily start devastating by itself). 

4. How does groundwater saturation affect rivers and streams?

• The groundwater saturation affects rivers and streams because all the water goes into river which make rivers water level high it cause flooding.

Reflection

1. What is something that you liked about this Mini-Project?

• The most interesting part of this mini-project is that we received lot of knowledge about hurricane, flooding, ocean, earth, moon, and sun. And I also like about this project is that we obtain lot of information in less time.

2. What was difficult for you on this project?

• That I determine lot of information about Hurricane Irene. 

3. What would you change about your work on this project?

• I will be more specific about all these question effects and all other information that I have in this project.

4. How did this project help you learn about Hurricane Irene?

• This project provide me lot of information how hurricane happen when it happen. And I learn about how river, oceans overflow about flooding. And the main thing I learn is I gained lot of vocabulary.